英语长难句 [035]
序号 035
“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1. 句子主干结构分析
主句(并列复合句):
- 分句1(否定): The set of speech sounds […] has not remained stable since […] (人类使用的语音集合自人类出现以来未必保持稳定)
- 分句2(肯定): the huge variety […] is the product of […] (当今语音多样性是生物变化与文化演化的产物)
连接词: but rather(而是)
- 强调否定与肯定的对比关系,逻辑上构成“非A,而是B”的递进转折。
2. 逻辑关系图
并列复合句:
│
├─ 分句1(否定):
│ The set of speech sounds we use has not remained stable
│ (语音集合未保持稳定)
│ │
│ ├─ 定语从句(修饰speech sounds):
│ │ we use
│ │ (人类使用的)
│ │
│ └─ 时间状语:
│ since the appearance of human beings
│ (自人类出现以来)
│
└─ 分句2(肯定,由but rather连接):
the huge variety of speech sounds [...] is the product of [...]
(语音多样性是...产物)
│
├─ 定语从句(修饰speech sounds):
│ that we find today
│ (当今存在的)
│
└─ 表语结构:
a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution
(生物变化与文化演化的复杂互动)
3. 语法亮点
- 对比并列结构:
- 通过 not… but rather… 框架,先否定“稳定论”,再肯定“演化论”,逻辑对比强烈。
- 多层定语从句嵌套:
- 分句1:speech sounds (we use)
- 分句2:speech sounds (that we find today) 限定性定语从句精准界定讨论对象的时间范畴(“使用的” vs. “当今发现的”)。
- 抽象名词短语的学术化表达:
- a complex interplay of things like…(…的复杂互动) 通过 like 举例说明抽象概念(biological change, cultural evolution),避免绝对化表述。
- 引述结构的完整性:
- 直接引语后接说话者身份:said Steven Moran, a member of the research team 同位语 a member… 增强论述权威性。
4. 翻译参考
研究团队成员史蒂文·莫兰表示:“人类所使用的语音音素自人类出现以来并不一定保持稳定,相反,当今语音的巨大多样性是生物变化与文化演化等多种因素复杂相互作用的结果。”
5. 👣 One More Step
“The structure of ancient languages did not develop in isolation,” argued Dr. Lee, a linguist, “but rather emerged through continuous contact between migrating populations and adaptation to ecological pressures.”
翻译: 语言学家李博士指出:“古代语言的结构并非在孤立中发展,而是通过迁徙族群间的持续接触以及对生态压力的适应而逐渐形成的。”
备注:
- 来源于群友提供;
- 本文创作由 DeepSeek 协助。